Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand pay in the United States

Goes furthest in North Dakota
·Transportation and Material Moving·
3.0M jobs
Figures from US Bureau of Labor StatisticsOccupational Employment and Wage Statistics
$19.35/hr median
2,950,280 employed
+2% to 2035
28% AI exposure
No formal educational credential
54 states reported
and more...

What this work is

Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform other general labor. Includes all manual laborers not elsewhere classified.

Where the money actually goes furthest

Minnesota pays the highest headline figure at $46,280. Adjusted for what things cost there it is worth $46,927 — less than North Dakota, where $45,690 is worth $51,360.

Pay by state

54 states and territories publish a median for this occupation. Switch the ranking to see how much the order changes.

Adjusted for what things cost in that state.

Median pay for Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand by state, ranked by what it is worth locally
StateHourlyAnnualWorth locallyAfter state taxJobs
North Dakota$21.97/hr$45,690$51,360$45,6909,990
Iowa$20.91/hr$43,490$49,555$42,39230,890
Nebraska$20.63/hr$42,910$47,624$41,58013,870
Kentucky$20.56/hr$42,770$47,437$41,18557,930
Wisconsin$21.45/hr$44,610$47,407$43,34370,520
Minnesota$22.25/hr$46,280$46,927$44,58354,480
Montana$21.08/hr$43,840$46,318$42,3683,870
Kansas$19.35/hr$40,250$44,687$38,29223,270
Indiana$19.87/hr$41,340$44,294$40,129103,200
Colorado$21.81/hr$45,370$44,027$44,06231,140
South Dakota$18.74/hr$38,980$44,000$38,9803,820
Arizona$21.29/hr$44,290$43,990$43,54771,090
Maine$20.50/hr$42,640$43,936$41,0016,120
Pennsylvania$20.43/hr$42,480$43,537$41,175131,050
Alaska$21.40/hr$44,510$43,483$44,5104,250
Oregon$21.52/hr$44,750$43,295$41,37527,720
Washington$22.21/hr$46,190$43,164$46,19049,450
Missouri$18.79/hr$39,080$43,030$38,10043,050
Utah$20.37/hr$42,370$42,858$40,44229,670
Ohio$18.97/hr$39,460$42,535$39,091108,830
Massachusetts$21.60/hr$44,920$42,473$42,67434,700
Connecticut$20.98/hr$43,640$42,119$41,92623,970
Oklahoma$17.78/hr$36,990$42,110$35,72338,210
Mississippi$17.50/hr$36,400$41,863$34,89930,750
Idaho$19.18/hr$39,900$41,784$38,55915,610
District of Columbia$21.99/hr$45,740$41,619$44,0711,200
Tennessee$18.35/hr$38,160$41,536$38,160105,870
New York$21.46/hr$44,630$41,354$42,780100,950
Wyoming$18.43/hr$38,330$41,352$38,3302,700
West Virginia$17.79/hr$36,990$41,329$35,92411,300
Arkansas$17.27/hr$35,920$41,315$34,69521,430
Alabama$17.63/hr$36,670$41,285$35,02636,140
Rhode Island$20.05/hr$41,690$40,760$40,5226,760
Illinois$19.50/hr$40,550$40,566$38,680195,390
North Carolina$18.38/hr$38,230$40,527$37,147116,720
New Hampshire$20.25/hr$42,110$40,424$42,1108,340
Michigan$18.68/hr$38,860$40,386$37,44679,410
California$21.50/hr$44,710$40,381$43,760355,500
New Mexico$17.90/hr$37,230$40,375$36,49610,200
Vermont$18.94/hr$39,390$40,210$38,3043,060
Hawaii$21.21/hr$44,120$40,127$42,1769,490
Louisiana$16.99/hr$35,340$40,063$34,65443,730
South Carolina$18.04/hr$37,530$40,032$36,78556,700
Georgia$18.50/hr$38,480$39,962$37,105137,580
Maryland$20.00/hr$41,600$39,634$39,80447,710
Nevada$18.92/hr$39,350$39,357$39,35040,850
Virginia$18.94/hr$39,380$38,951$37,86158,000
Texas$18.05/hr$37,540$38,677$37,540216,970
Delaware$17.94/hr$37,320$37,391$35,8155,220
Florida$18.35/hr$38,160$36,901$38,160164,400
New Jersey$19.01/hr$39,540$36,338$38,83897,230
Guam$18.11/hr$37,670Not publishedNot published460
Virgin Islands$15.30/hr$31,810Not publishedNot published520
Puerto Rico$11.81/hr$24,560Not publishedNot published10,410

National median for comparison: $40,240. “Worth locally” divides pay by the area’s price level, so a figure above the headline means money goes further there than the US average.

$40,240/year

$19.35/hr an hour, national median

Across the states

$22,370$54,860

25th to 75th percentile, lowest and highest state

Drop your résumé — it never leaves your browser

How much of this job could software do?

28%Low exposure
Hands, places, peopleLanguage and information

The two methods broadly agree.

Method 1 — ability mix40%

Cognitive share of O*NET ability importance (element families 1.A.1–1.A.4), O*NET 31.0

Method 2 — task content16%

Importance-weighted share of O*NET tasks classed as language or information work, O*NET 31.0

What this does and does not mean

Exposure means a model could plausibly do a meaningful share of the tasks in this job. It is not a forecast that the job disappears, and it says nothing about whether any employer will actually automate it.

For what the labour market expects, the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects employment in this occupation to change by +2% between 2025 and 2035, with about 340,500 openings a year.

Which parts are exposed

  • Install protective devices, such as bracing, padding, or strapping, to prevent shifting or damage to items being transported.
  • Maintain equipment storage areas to ensure that inventory is protected.
  • Collect and sort recyclable construction materials, such as concrete, drywall, plastics, or wood, into containers.
  • Sort materials, such as metals, glass, wood, paper or plastics, into appropriate containers for recycling.
  • Sort cargo before loading and unloading.
  • Extract chemicals from discarded appliances, such as air conditioners or refrigerators, using specialized machinery, such as refrigerant recovery equipment.

Amber marks language and information work. Green marks tasks that need a person in a place.

Where laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand move next

Occupations that share most of this one’s skills, with the pay difference and the change in AI exposure.

Location

San Diego, CA, United States of America (SAN-San Diego Intl.)

Photograph by World Sikh Organization of Canada.